LP - Grand theft auto IV Game covers

For my linked production idea, i am planning to make a games cover for the london riots in the style of the grand theft auto game, i generally think that this is quite a good idea, when linking to my CI investigation, because it shows the real event of the london riots and what happened but manipulated into a game, which reflects that reality. These are the game covers of grand theft auto that i will be basing my game covers on.

Mest 4 Production Plan

Week beginning	Task	What I need to do
16th January	Mock ups for link production piece. Watch Lynda tutorials	Get examples of grand theft game covers, and get promotional posters to use as a guide. Username and password for Lynda
23rd January onwards	Start getting images of the London riots, mostly teens, up to 15 images and cut down to the top 9.  Update all blog posts including Intentions, Image production plan and production plan.	Work on the angle, lighting, setting in which the photos will be taken. Select the images that would work best with the game cover collage.
30th January	Start designing games cover for grand theft auto style game.	Get the images that you are going to use and start manipulating them in the style of the game cover. (A lot of editing.)
6th February	Start designing the wanted poster for the London riots game.	Start editing the pictures you have taken of the person you want to be in the poster.
13th February	Finalize each production piece, and make sure each is as accurate as it is meant to be.	Check off each of the steps that I have completed, and make sure it is done well.
20th February	Finale entire Production.	Deadline 22nd February

Media CI Bibliography

Print

·       Play station magazine – Articles on Grand theft auto

·       Games Master Magazine

·       Call of duty – ‘a well-oiled machine’ 

·       ‘Black ops is one of the most impressive call of duty games yet’

·       Grand theft auto – ‘every facet of rock star’s new masterpiece is worthy of applause’

·       A2 Media studies – The Essential Introduction  - ‘a second useful aspect of postmodernism is the way it conceptualises the relationship between media and reality’ – pg 225

·       ‘postmodernism is about playfulness, taking ideas, styles and designs and playing with them’ – pg 226

·       ‘Direct experiences that become more real than real, this is stimulation, the part of lives that is dominated by television, computer games, DVD, internet, chartrooms and magazines’ – pg 225.

·       ‘postmodernism also celebrates pleasure and playfulness and bunking traditional rules on who we should behave or what we should like’ – pg 226

·       ‘Gender can be put across in a stereotypical way by media representations’ –pg 227

·       AQA media studies – A2 Media studies.  - ‘there is a considerable debate over the both definition of postmodernism when it occurs’ –pg 70

·       ‘women were represented as passive objects of the male gaze’ –pg 54

E-media

References to Intuitions in essay ­:

·       www.infinityward.com – institutional website

·       www.activision.com – institutional website

·       www.callofduty.com

·       www.gta4.net – Multiplayer website

·       www.rockstar.com – Institutional website

·       www.rockstar.com/grandtheftauto

·       www.ign.com – Reviews and articles on each franchise. – ‘every facet of rockstar’s new masterpiece is worthy of applause’

·       ‘grand theft auto is the best game since legend of Zelda’  

·       www.rottengamer.com – review on Call of duty – MW3 – ‘MW3 is the best so far in the series’  Rating 9.5

Media CI Essay Updated Version

In our generation more and more games are reflecting the concepts of reality, as these games are becoming more real we are playing these games more and more and therefore it has more of an involvement in our lives, and as these games are becoming more real and improving with the growing technology is this attracting consumer?  Call of duty and Grand theft auto is the two texts that I have chosen as good examples; the reason for this is because these two games stand out from most games in terms of realism.

Grand theft auto is a play station franchise that goes back way over the years in terms of the historical context, with the first game being released in 1997/1998 with Grand theft auto : 1969 and Grand theft auto : 1961 being released on march 31^st 1999. The games are based on the topic of crime, but each game over the years has introduced to the audience the key themes of which the games contain, ones such as love, loss, power, betrayal, family and friendship, as these key themes are present in the games then that is a contributing factor in the audience coming to love the narrative in the way they see it. Call of duty itself in comparison to grand theft auto also has a historical context behind it, the first call of duty game being released in 2003 and simulates the infantry and combined arms or World War 2.

 The modern warfare trilogy that started on the 11^th of May 2007, is based on the year 2011 and is set in the Middle East and focuses on a civil war which takes place in Russia, the game is based on survival, team work and strategy, using real life weapons and locations throughout the game. For each call of duty game that has been released, infinity ward which are the game developing institution that is behind call of duty has improved and delivered and have disappointed in terms of the quality of the contents and the storyline. ‘The single player story brings the modern warfare saga to a fairly definitive end, then is cause for celebration, call of duty retains its crown as the shooter’s genre biggest, bloodiest rollercoaster ride’ this review has been published on the euro gamers’ website as tribute to the last instalment to the modern warfare trilogy.  Gaming has become increasing involved within our lives over the past decade, and while technology is advancing everyday this causes the developers of different games to advance alongside it, consistently keeping the quality of the games that they produce to the satisfactory of the public.

Each grand theft auto game has a different storyline in which the audience can play a different character, each grand theft game has improved over the years so the audience can get to experience the settings and the game play and do new and different things, but over the years as the grand theft auto games have been improving is this a bad thing and has the game gone too far in terms of what reality the game is trying to reflect? Most of the grand theft auto games over the years have been linked to a particular character trying to find their place in the world, being accepted and starting over. For each of the call of duty games, it reflects reality on the concept of war as it focuses on the armies of America. The storylines of each game has a part to play in the realness of the game and how each game reflects a part of reality that the audience can see and interpret, to critics of IGN  grand theft auto has been a game worthy of its name, by stating that ‘every facet of rockstar’s new masterpiece is worthy of applause’.

Each franchise contains contents, in which allows the audience to get the most out of the game, for example each franchise such as grand theft auto and call of duty is well known in their role for their multiplayer content, the multiplayer content that each game maintains allows people to play against friends and people from around the world, all at the same time, multiplayer is one of the key formats when discussion the reflection of reality in gaming, the idea that you can compete against other people adds realism and excitement to the game. In the multiplayer for Grand theft auto 4, the audience can do a variety of activities, from free roaming, to races, and death match in which the task is to eliminate the other players within the game, the audience is also allowed to customize their own characters giving them different clothes and styles, in which you can also do in reality also. The multiplayer format for the grand theft auto is reflected through e-media in which consists of website that focuses entirely on the grand theft auto multiplayer format, in which the audience can get information and tips in which they can get the best out of the game. For the call of duty franchise the multiplayer format is a gaming a phenomenon, the multiplayer format across the games is more preferable than the storyline itself, it allows the fans to get the real experience of the game, and interact with friends, using strategic game play and real life weapons so it makes the audience feel like they are literally in the experience of the game, this in itself is important to my topic is the reason being that the audience gets a chance to experience the ‘real’ potential of the game with their friends and other people in different places.

Postmodernism is one of the main theories that link with my CI, one of the main concepts of postmodernism is the way it conceptualises with media and reality. The postmodernism theory has a major part to play in these two successful franchises, these two franchises throughout the year has taken different bits of realities and manipulated them to our own entertainment purposes, this includes things that you can do in the game, that would be near enough impossible to do in real life. For example the setting of the franchise is based in three locations, Liberty City, which is new York, Vice City, which is Miami, and San Andreas, in which is San Francisco, the buildings that they use and the vehicles and people in the game, makes it all that real, but still keeping in mind that it is just a game, they make up the names for these places, so it is not mirror imaging reality too much. For call of duty the same applies, the locations of the games have been placed in places such as afghan, Middle East, Russia etc. With the game using real life weapons, it adds realism and professional experience to the game and that is what the audience loves and that is what they want in games such as Call of duty.

 Feminism is another theory that I have researched that has a link to my CI question, for the call of duty franchise there is a lack of femininity, the gender demographic for this text is dominated by males, due to the violence and the blood content that is in the game, call of duty wouldn’t seem like a game that that females would be particularly interested in, due to this occurrence it can be said that as call of duty have more of the male demographical audience then it creates this masculine ideology to the idea that if they had to see or hear a female excessively speaking about call of duty then it would be seen as weird, the reason why feminism in terms of call of duty is important to my CI topic is because, in the real world wars are fought mainly by men, and it is rare to find a female in the army, speaking in the historical context mainly in WW1&2 women would stay at home and the men would go out and fight for their country, on the other hand in the grand theft auto franchise the femininity is balanced within the game, particularly in grand theft auto 4 there are female characters who have dominant roles in which they are bosses who have authority, for example in my CI investigation I have included posters of the game in which consists of the females that are involved in the game, for the females their stances is one of dominance and power, hands on the hips shows authority and demand, and that can be seen through the picture, also in one of the pictures the character is holding a gun, this creates the ideology that it is not only the males in the games that call the shots throughout the game. This particular theory applies to my CI in the idea that women in reality have authority and women are also capable of having the same amount of power that men have, as in the earlier days women were represented by the male gaze.

The postmodernism theory would be the most key that would answer my CI on the idea of how games in our 21^st century is reflecting different realities because of the things that the audience can do within the game, and the content of what the games contains, the settings and style of both games also has a part to play in the realness and the feel of each game that is brought across to the audience. Every game such as grand theft auto and call of duty follows the conventional structure that every game abides by, the fact that these games are put into motion to entertain and intrigue the audience, giving them something to talk about and remember in the long term, there is a considerable debate over postmodernism when it occurs.

In terms of my critical investigation, it’s important to know what type of realities do the games reflect and are these games going too far in order for that to happen?  These games first of all reflect the postmodernism theory there are factors in the game that can be mimicked in the real world, and these can either have a positive or a negative effect on the audience, in my research i uncovered that Grand theft auto: vice city was to blame for a person illegally stealing a car and killing witnesses that may have been involved, for the institutions of these games this is not a good sign, if these games are supposedly making people do these kind of things then what kind of example is the games setting for the audience who are playing these games. The type of reality that the grand theft auto franchise is bringing across is that of crime, power, love, loss, status and reputation, and these are the key theme that are present into the modern reality in our everyday lives. With call of duty the entire franchise reflects the reality of warfare and conflict, a topic that is extremely present into today’s reality and something that is definitely on going, but the way the game portrays the warfare and the media language that is maintains, that is what makes the game postmodern.

For both my texts that I have researched for my CI, there is more to the games than just playing them, this is reflected through, the three media platforms, e-media, print and broadcast, for grand theft auto, the reason why the games have become so huge and as quoted ‘the highest rated PS3 game of all time’ is because of the way the game has brought itself to the audience and what the audience can do with the games that are being released linking in with the uses and gratification theory by Roland Barthes. M.I.G.R.I.A.N can be touched on in terms of my critical investigation and the idea that games in our 21^st century is reflecting different realities. Giving a overview of each of the aspects of M.I.G.R.I.A.N for the Call of duty franchise, the media language involved in the game starts off with varied camera angles, the game is set in 1^st person, which makes the audience feel as if they are literally part of the game, in reality it would be exactly how a soldier would be in war, everything would be coming at them, all at once in a life or death situation, the connotations of the colours that is used in the games are dark and bleak, setting off a dark atmosphere to the game, and that is how it normally is into today’s reality of warfare. The institutions involved with the franchise includes is the developers of the game which is infinity ward and treyarch, these two intuitions had made most of the call of duty games and the ones responsible for the success of the franchise. The media institutions that is involved in the game are ones such as, face book, YouTube, IGN, Gamescom, they sort out the info in the game, the sponsors and what you can expect from the game. The genre that is being focused on is gaming, in relation to my CI call of duty and grand theft auto is my main focus. The representation that is being brought across the audience is that of violence, heroism, and dedication, the game is based on war and the result of that in my research these themes are being shown, and these are the themes also that are being resulted in reality also. The target audience for call of duty is preferably teenagers, but adults are also involved in the target audience as well in terms of playing the game.  The ideologies of call of duty that is being put cross is the idea of ‘being a hero’ and ‘fighting for your country’ as playing the game the audience feels that they are the character itself due to the first person game play which in that factor adds to the realness of the game, finally the game brings across a cinematic narrative, the mise-en-scene of parts of the game is quite shocking, so that adds intrigue to the audience. For the grand theft auto franchise the M.I.G.R.A.I.N differs, the media language of the game is a variety, as an audience it allows you to change the camera angles of the game in which you want to play in, but only while on the move, unlike call of duty, the view is in 3^rd person, so it is as if you are following the characters every move, the colours of the game in terms of the setting is bright and vibrant and doesn’t have that dark edge as call of duty has. The institutions that is involved in the game is rockstar which are the developers of the game and have been since the beginning, on the media platforms the institutions that are involved are the same as call of duty, giving the audience reviews, ratings, and information about what is in each game. The genre of grand theft auto is also gaming and focuses entirely on that, the representation that that the game brings across are those to do with, status, power, reputation, control, love, loss, friendship, family and revenge, these are the themes that are present in reality today and that is the link that the game is reflecting.  The ideology of grand theft auto is mainly to do with ‘The American dream’ this is the sort of reality I uncovered in my research, and the narrative of the game is also cinematic, with the cut scenes that the game contains.

The historical context of each game is also important, the audience can come to know and understand how the franchises has grown up and change throughout our generation, and as how each game improves it is reflecting reality more and more.  Each of the franchises has gone way back and the audience of today can have that nostalgic feeling remember how the first game use to be and by this a comparison can made with the first game and the latest game and only then can we see the difference and how it has improved for the better.

In conclusion and referring back the two franchises of call of duty and grand theft auto to my CI, I believe that in our generation of gaming, games are reflecting reality more and more by what you can do in the games and the way the games are brought to the audience. I generally think it’s a good thing and also a bad thing that games like these are becoming more real, a good thing because it attracts more of  a wide-range audience and the games are more enjoyable and realistic, but also a bad thing because depending on how real it is, it perhaps has gone too far, and therefore sets a bad influence on younger people such as teens, but it’s consumers that choose what they do with the games that they play, bearing in mind it is just a game. 

Intentions Statement

For my media mest 4 work my critical investigation is that of if our 21^st century gaming reflecting different realities.

The idea that came to mind that links in with my CI is the fact that as i am focusing on the print platform of my LP, i have come up with the idea to do a game cover for the existing game of grand theft auto, the reason why i think this is an effective idea is because it relates to the idea that the games like grand theft auto are becoming more real as the game improves, so the game cover could be used in reality to show the link between the game and real-life also i am going to create a campaign 'wanted' poster which grand theft auto used for the worldwide release of the game, to show the link in what what my CI was trying to bring across which was the that games like grand theft auto reflects reality in terms of violence, youth and crime.  this is the idea that i am most likely going to take forward in order for my linked production piece to stand out. 


What i will need to do for this linked production is to take pictures of different teens that i could use for my campaign poster, i will need to think about the dress code and the location of which i will be taking this photos. The amount of photos that i will be planning to take will be no more than 10 as i will be using only one person for the poster. 
For the games cover i will be using approximately 9 to 10 scenes of the london riots and manipulating them into them in to the style of which grand theft auto uses, i will be doing this for  at least 3 different audiences, these audiences will be between 16- 20, and the second audience will be 25+ which in this case is adults. 

Media Studies Mest 4 - Linked Production Idea

For my linked production idea i have decided to focus on the print based of the media platform, and create a 4 page article that would go into the game magazines that i have focused on in my reaserch, magazines such as Gamesmaster, Playsation magazine, GamesTM magazine etc. Im going to look at the layout of each of the magazines and see how they produce their articles, the programme that i am planning to use for this is illustrator, as the programme is best for producing articles, and i found it comfortable to use in year 12.
Abit of reseach will be needed by looking into the language and the images that these magazines uses and also their use of color also, and what target audince these magazines focuses on.

For my linked production i am going choose to confirm the issue and go with the idea that games in our 21st are reflecting different type of relalities using the two texts that i have focusing on throughout my critical invsetigation and the reaserch that i have done for that.

Media Studies Mest 4 - Media CI Essay Draft 1

In media I have asked to critically investigate a certain topic area that I am deeply interested in, the topic that I have chosen to interrogate is the topic of gaming. I am particularly interested in this topic because gaming over the years have become a major part in our lives and the way it has developed over the years on the platforms that it is based on is quite extraordinary in terms of its historical contexts. 

My CI is asking the question, ‘Is our generation of 21^st century gaming a reflection of different realities?’ and for this question the two main texts that have a deep involvement in this question in terms of reality is Call of duty and Grand theft auto, the reason why these two texts is a perfect example is because these two games are the ones that stand out in terms of realism.

Grand theft auto is a playstation franchise that goes way back over the years, the game is based on the concepts of mainly crime, but as each of the games developed through the years it has introduced to the audience the key themes of love, loss, status, power, betrayal, family, friendship, and as these key themes have been involved within the game, the audience have come to love the storylines the way that they see it.

Call of duty itself in comparison to grand theft auto also goes has a significant historical context behind it, the games are set in world war 1 and 2 and in the today’s location of modern warfare, the game is entirely based on survival, teamwork and strategy, using real life weapons and locations throughout the game. For each call of duty games that has been released, infinity ward has improved and delivered, and as of now there has not been one call of duty game that has disappointed in terms of the content and the quality.

 The concept of gaming has become increasingly involved in our everyday lives, we play games for a number of reasons, to entertain, to test our brains, to compete against other people, so as these are the key factors we play the games we love more than we realize, and for the developers of the games, they have to consistently keep the quality of the their games to our satisfactory, in order for they sales figures to increase, and for them to earn money.

Each of the grand theft auto games has a different storyline, in which the audience can play a different character, and the next grand theft games always improve so the audience can get to experience and do different things, things that perhaps couldn’t do in the previous game. Mostly the storyline of grand theft auto is linked to a particular character trying to find their place in the world and being accepted and starting a new life.

For the call of duty games it focuses on the armies and infantries of America, and each storylines different except for the modern warfare trilogy, which is all, linked together. The storylines of each game has a part to play in the realness of the game and how each reflects a part of reality that the audience can see and interpret.

Each franchise maintain contents such as DLCs which are side stories of the main game, they also contain multiplayer and CO-op also, but depending on the game, some games have more contents than other, but for these games that I have focused on the contents are extremely important and links in a lot when talking about my critical investigation.

The Multiplayer for example in both of these texts is huge in terms of the audience figures on average that plays these multiplayer games. The purpose of these multiplayer games is that it gives a chance for the audience to play and experience the games with other friends, and as the multiplayer format is worldwide the audience can compete with people from around the world, no matter what country that you are in.

In the multiplayer for grand theft 4 the audience can do a range of stuff, from free roaming, to races, and even death match also in which you have to eliminate the other characters, the audience is also allowed to customize their own personal character, which is also good, the multiplayer format for grand theft is reflected through e-media which consists of a website in which the audience and the fans of the game can get information and tips in which they can get the best out of the game. 

For the call of duty franchise the multiplayer format is a gaming phenomenon, the multiplayer format across the games is more preferable than the storyline itself, it allows the fans to get the real experience of the game and interact with friends, using strategic game play and real life weapons so it makes the audience feel like there are literally in the experience.

The DLCs of the games are put into place as side stories to the games, it please the audience in the terms as, if the game may have seemed to short and the audience didn’t get enough of the game, then they can play the side stories to lengthen their experience of the game.

Linking the concept of media theory to my CI investigation, there is range of theories that have an involvement, these theories are; Postmodernism, feminism, Vladimir propp’s theory of the 8 characters.

Postmodernism is the main theory that links to both of my texts, outlining what postmodernism is, postmodernism is when a media text is reality based but certain parts of the texts is set up for our entertainment purposes, this theory has a major part to play in the two texts that I have focused on and could be the only theory that answers my CI question. Feminism is another theory that I have researched that links to my CI question, for call of duty text there is a lack of femininity, the gender demographic for this text is dominiated by males, due to the violence and blood content into the game, call of duty wouldn’t seem like a game that a female would be particularly interested in., due to this occurrence it can be said that as call of duty have more of a male demographical audience then it creates this masculine ideology to the idea that if boys had to see or hear a girl excessively speaking about call of duty then it would be seen as weird, whereas the grand theft auto game the femininity is balanced within the game, and the audience also. In grand theft auto 4 there are female characters that have a dominant role in the game, by doing this rockstar makes it fair to each gender, so the game doesn’t seem like it is being to sexist.

Vladimir prop’s theory also applies to CI in terms of my two texts, but not as straight forward as the theory is brought across, grand theft auto is a game that you can see what each character is and what they represent but in each of the games there are some happy endings, and there is not and the games are far from a fairytale. The way in which the Vladimir prop theory is applied to the grand theft auto game is that, for example in grand theft auto 4 the characters in the game fits the roles of the fairytales, e.g. niko bellic is the main character of the game, therefore for what he does in the game he would class as the hero, his cousin roman would be classed as the accomplice, as he is with the main character throughout most of the game, and so forth. For the call of duty franchise, the game is more open, and doesn’t follow a set structure in which each character poses a certain role-play. As the game is mostly about warfare it creates the ideology of blood and violence and fighting on the frontline, and also the way the institution of infinity ward has designed the game, the audience is allowed to play different characters, in different situations as you progress through the game.

The postmodernism theory would be the theory that would answer my question of if our 21^st century gaming is a reflection of different realities, because of the things that the audience can do within the game, and the content of which the game contains, the settings and style of both of the games also has a part to play in the realness of the games also, these two texts also follow the conventional structure of every game also, the fact that games are put into motion to entertain and intrigue the audience, giving them something to talk about and remember in the long term.

The question that is the most important that will answer the question is ‘what type of realities does these two games reflect?’ as these games reflect the postmodernism theory there are stuff in the games that can be mimicked in the real world, and this can have a both positive and negative effect on the audience, but it mostly have a negative on the audience, in my research I uncovered that grand theft auto: vice city was to blame for a man stealing a car and killing witnesses that was involved, for the institutions of the games this is not a good sign, if these games like grand theft auto is supposedly making people do these kinds of things then what kind of example is the game setting for the audience. The type of reality that the grand theft is bringing across is the reality of crime, power, love, loss, status and reputation, and it is these key themes that is brought into reality and that are present in our everyday lives.

With call of duty the game reflects the realty of warfare and conflict, a topic that is extremely present into today’s reality and something that is definitely on going, but the way that the game portrays the warfare and the media language that it maintains, that is what makes the game postmodern.

For both games that is being focused on it is important that all the media platforms is being addressed throughout, e-media, broadcast and print, and for my research as I addressed all three of them, M.I.G.R.A.I.N is a key thing to include when doing so, giving a overview for the call of duty franchise in terms of M.I.G.R.A.I.N, the media language that the games includes is that firstly the game is set in first person, which makes the audience feel as if they are part of the game, the camera shots vary throughout the game as from time to time it shows in different angles, the institution  that is involved in the text is the developers of the game which is in infinity ward, this institution has made most of the call of duty games, on the terms of the media platforms, institutions such as face book, YouTube, IGN, Gamescom, are involved with the info on the game and what the audience can expect from the game, these are the institutions I focused on in my research within the media platforms.  The genre that is being focused on is gaming, and in relation to my CI call of duty and grand theft auto is the main focus.  The representation that is being brought across to the audience is that of violence, heroism, and dedication, the game is based on war and the result of that in my research these themes are being shown. The target audience for call of duty is preferably teenagers but adults can be seen playing the game also, mostly the male demographical audience is the conventional audience for this type of game. The ideologies of call of duty are brought across as ‘being a hero’ and fighting for your country, while playing the game you feel as if you are doing your duty, and you are somewhat committing yourself to what you do and that is another factor that adds to the realness of the game, finally the game brings across a cinematic narrative, the mise-en-scene of parts of the game is quite shocking, so that adds intrigue to the audience.

For the grand theft auto franchise the M.I.G.R.I.A.N differs, the media language of the game is a variety, as an audience you it allows you to change the camera angles of the game in which you want to play it in, and in each game you play in third person, so a player of the game the audience can have full control of the character. The intuitions that is involved in the game is Rockstar which is the developers of the game and have been since the beginning, on other platforms, the same intuitions that are involved in call of duty is also involved with grand theft auto also. The genre of grand theft is also gaming and focuses entirely on that, the representation that the game brings across is that of status, power, reputation, control, love, loss and revenge, this is another factor which reflects the reality of the game. The ideology of grand theft differs from very game but the one that stays the same is the idea of the ‘American Dream’, this is what I uncovered in my research. And the narrative of the game is also cinematic, with the cut scenes that the game contains.

The historical context of each game is also important, the audience can pick up on how the game has grown up with our generation and as each game improves is it reflecting reality more and more?  Each of the franchises has gone way back and the audience of today can have a nostalgic feeling and reminisce how the first game use to be and by this a comparison can be made wit the first game and the latest game and we can see hoe these game has improved over the years.

In conclusion and basing these two game on my CI question I believe that in our generation of gaming, games are reflecting reality more and more, what you can do in the games and the way the game s are brought to the audience is evidence that it is. I generally think its is good thing and a bad thing that games like these are becoming more real, a good thing because it attracts more of a wide-range audience and the games are more enjoyable and realistic, but bad because depending on how real it can set a bad influence on younger people such as teens, but it’s the consumers that can choose what they do with the games they play.